Welcome to candidates preparing for government jobs! For aspirants preparing for competitive exams, we provide a complete topic-wise index of Biology MCQs and Notes in English here. Biology is a very crucial subject to score the highest marks in the General Science section.
On this page, we have covered every topic of Biology MCQs and Notes in English according to the syllabus of all competitive exams like SSC, RRB, APPSC, TSPSC, and Police. Important topics like Human Anatomy, Cell Biology, Diseases, and Vitamins have been divided chapter-wise (Topic-wise). We have provided these Biology MCQs and Notes in English in an easily understandable format for readers and aspirants to practice. Select the topics you want from the list below, click on MCQs or Notes and start your preparation. All the best!
📋 Biology MCQs and Notes in English – Topic Wise Index
1. Human Anatomy
Nervous System
▪️ Three parts of Human Nervous System
1. Central Nervous System – CNS
• Brain – Three parts
➥ i. Brain
1. Fore Brain (Cerebrum)
2. Mid Brain
3. Hind Brain
i) Cerebellum
ii) Medulla Oblongata
iii) Pons Varolii
⧆ Brain Disorders / Neurological Disorders
➥ ii. Spinal Cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System – PNS
➥ i. Cranial Nerves
➥ ii. Spinal Nerves
i) Sensory Nerves
ii) Motor Nerves
iii) Mixed Nerves
3. Autonomic Nervous System
🔻Parts of Autonomic Nervous System:
i) Sympathetic Nervous System
ii) Parasympathetic Nervous System
▪️ Neuron Structure
1. Cyton
2. Dendrites
3. Axon
Blood Circulatory System / Cardiovascular System
▪️ Heart Anatomy
• Heart Beat
• Blood Pressure
• Two types of Blood Pressure:
(i) High B.P / Hypertension
(ii) Low B.P / Hypotension
• Heart Attack
▪️ Blood Vessels
1) Arteries
(i) Aorta
(ii) Pulmonary artery
2) Veins
(i) Superior Vena Cava
(ii) Inferior Vena Cava
(iii) Pulmonary Vein
3) Blood Capillaries
4) Coronary Vessels
(i) Coronary Arteries
(ii) Coronary Veins
👉 Blood vessels supplying the heart
▪️ Valves
(i) Tricuspid valves
(ii) Mitral valves
▪️ Blood Components / Composition of Blood
1) Plasma
2) Blood Cells
i) RBCs – Red Blood Cells / Erythrocytes
ii) WBCs – White Blood Cells / Leukocytes
🔻Types of WBCs:
a) Eosinophils
b) Basophils
c) Neutrophils
d) Monocytes
e) Lymphocytes
iii) Platelets / Thrombocytes
▪️ Haemoglobin
▪️ Inorganic Substances
▪️ Respiratory Gases
▪️ Transport of Respiratory Gases
• O₂ Transport
• CO₂ Transport
▪️ Blood Groups
▪️ Blood Grouping
▪️ Rh factor
▪️ Erythroblastosis Fetalis
▪️ Blood Circulation
▪️ Blood Transfusion
▪️ Haemorrhage
▪️ Spleen
▪️ Pulse
▪️ Blood Pressure
▪️ Hypertension
▪️ Hypotension
▪️ Cardiac Cycle
▪️ Cardiac Output
▪️ Stroke Volume
Respiratory System
▪️ Respiration – Definition
🔻Types of Respiration: 2
1) Aerobic Respiration
2) Anaerobic Respiration
▪️ Respiration Rate
▪️ Respiratory Diseases
▪️ Organs of Human Respiratory System
1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Voice box / Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Lungs
▪️ Nasal Cavity
▪️ Alveoli
▪️ Mechanism of Breathing
▪️ Respiratory Gases
Digestive System
1. Alimentary Canal
▪️ Mouth
▪️ Buccal cavity
1) Teeth
i) Milk Teeth
ii) Permanent Teeth
🔻Types of Permanent Teeth: 4
a) Incisors
b) Canines
c) Premolars
d) Molars
• Dental Diseases
2) Salivary glands
3) Tongue
▪️ Pharynx
▪️ Oesophagus / Esophagus
▪️ Stomach
▪️ Small Intestine
🔻3 parts of Small Intestine
i) Duodenum
ii) Jejunum
iii) Ileum
▪️ Large Intestine
🔻2 parts of Large Intestine
i) Caecum
ii) Colon
▪️ Appendix
▪️ Rectum
▪️ Anus
2. Digestive glands
1) Liver
• Liver Diseases
▪️ Bile
▪️ Gall-Bladder
2) Pancreas
a) Duct Part
b) Endocrine Part
i) Alpha cells – Glucagon
ii) Beta cells – Insulin
▪️ Digestion Process
▪️ Digestive Enzymes
• Amylase
• Pepsin
• Trypsin
• Lipase
▪️ Digestion in Ruminants
Excretory / Urinary System
Skeletal System
▪️ Types of Skeleton
i) Exoskeleton
ii) Endoskeleton
▪️ Human Skeleton
i) Cartilage
ii) Bone
iii) Bone Marrow
➥ Red Bone Marrow – Haematopoiesis
➥ Yellow Bone Marrow
• Bones
• Location of Bones
▪️ Skull
▪️ Functions of Skeleton
▪️ Skeletal Diseases
▪️ Joints & Types of Joints
• Ball & Socket Joint
• Hinge Joint
• Pivot Joint
• Gliding Joint
Muscular System
Endocrine System
▪️ Glands:
1. Pituitary Gland
🔺Hormones:
i) G.H – Growth Hormone / Somatotrophin
ii) T.S.H – Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
iii) L.H – Luteinizing Hormone
iv) F.S.H – Follicle Stimulating Hormone
v) Prolactin – Lactogenic Hormone
vi) M.S.H – Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
vii) A.D.H – Anti Diuretic Hormone
viii) Oxytocin – Birth Hormone
2. Thyroid Gland
🔺Hormones:
1. Thyroxine – B.M.R (Basal Metabolic Rate)
2. Calcitonin
3. Parathyroid Glands
🔺Hormones:
➨ P.T.H – Parathormone
4. Adrenal Glands
🔻Parts of Adrenal Gland: 2
1. Adrenal Cortex
i) Glucocorticoids
ii) Mineralocorticoids
iii) Sex Corticoids
2. Adrenal Medulla
🔺Hormones:
➨ Adrenaline (FFF Hormone)
5. Gonads
🅰. Testes (Males)
🔺Hormones: i) Testosterone
🅱. Ovaries (Females)
🔺Hormones:
i) Estrogen / β-Estradiol
ii) Progesterone / Pregnancy hormone
6. Thymus Gland
🔺Hormones: i) Thymosin
7. Placenta
8. Pancreas
🔺Hormones:
1. Insulin
2. Glucagon
3. Somatostatin
4. Pancreatic Polypeptide
▪️ Homeostasis
– Regulation of Body Temp, Water & Salts
– Role of Nervous + Endocrine systems
Reproductive System
🔻Types of Reproduction: 2
1. Sexual Reproduction
2. Asexual Reproduction
▪️ Human Reproductive System
• Male Reproductive Organs
1. Internal Genitalia:
➨ Epididymis
➨ Vas deferens
➨ Seminal vesicles
➨ Prostate gland
➨ Cowper’s gland
➨ Bulbourethral glands
➨ Ejaculatory ducts
➨ Sperm
➨ Urethra
2. External Genitalia:
➨ Penis
➨ Testes
➨ Scrotum
• Female Reproductive Organs
1. Internal Genitalia:
➨ Ovaries
➨ Fallopian Tubes
➨ Uterus/Womb
➨ Cervix
➨ Vagina
2. External Genitalia / Vulva:
➨ Clitoris
➨ Labia majora & minora
• Other Important Parts:
➨ Mammary Glands
▪️ Menstrual Cycle
▪️ Fertilisation – Embryo Development
▪️ Sex Determination
➨ Twins
▪️ Family Planning Operations
1. Vasectomy
2. Tubectomy
Lymphatic & Immune System
2. Cell Biology
3. Living World & Biological Classification
▪️ Characteristics of Living Organisms
▪️ Taxonomy
▪️ Binomial Nomenclature – Carolus Linnaeus
▪️ Important Scientific Names
▪️ Whittaker’s Five Kingdom Classification
• Monera Kingdom
• Protista Kingdom
▪️ Theories of Evolution
• Darwinism, Lamarckism
• Homologous & Analogous Organs
▪️ Evolution
▪️ Biological Classification
4. Botany
▪️ Plant Classification
▪️ Plant Morphology
▪️ Root System
▪️ Stem
▪️ Leaf
▪️ Flower
▪️ Fruit
▪️ Seed
▪️ Pollination
▪️ Root Pressure
▪️ Translocation of Food
▪️ Plant Respiration
▪️ Photosynthesis
▪️ Excretion in Plants
▪️ Plant Reproduction
▪️ Transpiration
▪️ Osmosis, Diffusion
▪️ Cell Membrane Transport
• Passive Transport
• Active Transport
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis
▪️ Phytohormones
▪️ Plant Adaptations
• Xerophytes, Hydrophytes, Halophytes
▪️ Economic Importance of Plants
▪️ Micronutrients in Plants
▪️ Mineral Nutrition in Plants
• Major Elements – N, P, K
• Deficiency Diseases
▪️ Agricultural Practices
▪️ Crops – Diseases
▪️ Pest Control in Crops
5. Zoology
▪️ Animal Classification
• Invertebrates
• Vertebrates
▪️ Microorganisms – Uses & Harmful Effects
• Antibiotics
• Fermentation
• Diseases
▪️ Animal Diseases
• Livestock, Poultry Diseases – Anthrax, FMD, Bird Flu, etc.
▪️ Applied/Economic Zoology
• Sericulture
• Apiculture
• Pisciculture
• Poultry & Animal Husbandry
6. Pathology
7. Genetics
▪️ Father of Genetics – Gregor Johann Mendel
▪️ Mendel’s Experiments – Pea Plant
▪️ Genetics Terminology – Phenotype, Genotype, Alleles
▪️ DNA and RNA Structure
▪️ Sex Determination – Role of Chromosomes
▪️ Mutations – Hugo de Vries
▪️ Genetic Disorders
• Colour Blindness
• Haemophilia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Down Syndrome
8. Control & Coordination
9. Ecology & Environment
▪️ Ecology
▪️ Environment
▪️ Biodiversity
▪️ Biogeochemical Cycles
• Nitrogen, Carbon, Water cycles
▪️ Food Chain
▪️ Food Web
• Producers – Consumers – Decomposers
▪️ Sustainable Development Goals
▪️ Natural resources
▪️ Pollution
🔻Types of Pollution
1. Air Pollution
2. Water Pollution
3. Soil Pollution
4. Noise Pollution
5. Light Pollution
6. Thermal Pollution
7. Radioactive Pollution
▪️ Environmental Movements & Acts
▪️ Global Environmental Issues
10. Nutrition & Vitamins
11. Biotechnology
12. Miscellaneous
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